## Computing an optimal orientation of a balanced decomposition tree for linear arrangement problems

### Summary

Summary: Divide-and-conquer approximation algorithms for vertex ordering problems partition the vertex set of graphs, compute recursively an ordering of each part, and "glue" the orderings of the parts together.The computed ordering is specified by a decomposition tree that describes the recursive partitioning of the subproblems. At each internal node of the decomposition tree, there is a degree of freedom regarding the order in which the parts are glued together. Approximation algorithms that use this technique ignore these degrees of freedom, and prove that the cost of every ordering that agrees with the computed decomposition tree is within the range specified by the approximation factor. We address the question of whether an optimal ordering can be efficiently computed among the exponentially many orderings induced by a binary decomposition tree. We present a polynomial time algorithm for computing an optimal ordering induced by a binary balanced decomposition tree with respect to two problems: Minimum Linear Arrangement (minla) and Minimum Cutwidth (mincw). For 1/3-balanced decomposition trees of bounded degree graphs, the time complexity of our algorithm is $O(n2.2)$, where n denotes the number of vertices. Additionally, we present experimental evidence that computing an optimal orientation of a decomposition tree is useful in practice. It is shown, through an implementation for minla, that optimal orientations of decomposition trees can produce arrangements of roughly the same quality as those produced by the best known heuristic, at a fraction of the running time. Communicated by T. Warnow; submitted July 1998; revised September 2000 and June 2001. Guy Even was supported in part by Intel Israel LTD and Intel Corp. under a grant awarded in 2000. Jon Feldman did part of this work while visiting Tel-Aviv University.